Process for the preparation of ethynylbenzaldehydes

ABSTRACT

A multi-step process for the preparation of ethynylbenzaldehydes from bromo- or iodobenzaldehydes is disclosed. The arylhalogen is replaced with a protected ethynyl compound which is subsequently cleaved by base to form the arylacetylene. The aldehydic functionlity is preserved by formation of a corresponding Schiff&#39;s base or acetal, and its subsequent regeneration by treatment with aqueous acid.

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 084,261 filedAug. 11, 1987, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,251. Ser. No. 084,261is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 894,142 filed Aug. 7,1986, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a process for the preparation ofethynylbenzaldehydes. In a further embodiment, the invention alsorelates to selected, novel intermediates formed in carrying out theprocess herein.

At least two processes for the preparation of the subject compounds havebeen disclosed in the prior art. In one such process described by K. S.Lau et al. in J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Chem. Ed. 21, 3009 (1983) andalso by W. B. Austin et al. in J. Org. Chem. 46, 2280 (1981), a silaneprotected acetylene is reacted with 3-bromobenzaldehyde to form aprotected intermediate which thereafter is cleaved to generate thedesired 3-ethynylbenzaldehyde. Yields of 80% are reported. The maindisadvantage of this two-step process lies in the use of a relativelyexpensive starting compound, ethynyltrimethyl silane, which makes theprocess too expensive for commercial use. Another process, described byJ. Ojima et al. in Chem. Lett. (7), 633 (1972), also reported in CA Vol77, 126305 m (1972), utilizes a time-consuming, multi-step process whichsuffers from low yields.

There is a need in the art for a process for preparing the subjectcompounds in high yields, utilizing relatively inexpensive startingcompounds and reagents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a process for the preparation ofethynylbenzaldehydes of the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is H, C₁ -C₄alkyl, phenyl, nitro, Cl, F or --CHO.

In accordance with the invention, the process involves a synthesis orseries of reaction steps to prepare intermediates relying on the use ofa protected acetylene reagent and its coupling with the aromatic nucleusby means of the aryl halide. Removal of the protective group by alkalitreatment generates the aryl acetylene. The process also relies on thepreservation of the aldehydic group by means of primary amines (yieldingSchiff's bases) or alcoholic functionalities (yielding acetals).

The process is useful for the preparation of ethynylbenzaldehydes whichcarry the ethynyl functionality in the 2, 3 or 4 position. Thebromobenzaldehyde starting compound itself may be substituted withvarious substituent groups, for example, lower C₁ -C₄ alkyl, phenyl,nitro, chlorine or fluorine, and --CHO, to yield the correspondinglysubstituted intermediates and end-product.

The ethynylbenzaldehydes described herein are useful as intermediates inthe preparation of monomers which form electrically conducting polymers(see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,283,557 and 4,336,362 to Walton, T. R.). Anotheruse for these compounds is as capping groups in the preparation of hightemperature stable polymers (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,178,430 to Bilow, N.and also the article by K. S. Lau referenced above).

In accordance with the process of the invention herein, the desired 2,or 3, or 4-ethynylbenzaldehyde (or substituted analog) is prepared bycatalytically reacting a suitable bromobenzaldehyde starting compoundwith 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol or 3-methylpentyn-3-ol to provide abenzaldehyde carrying the protected acetylenic functionality. Thisintermediate is further reacted with phenylene diamine or other primarymono- or diamine to provide a second intermediate having a structurewhich effectively protects the aldehyde functionality. The secondintermediate is treated with base to release an acetone molecule fromthe protected acetylate. The resultant intermediate, now carrying thefree acetylenic group, is treated with aqueous acid to hydrolyze theimine bonds so as to yield the phenylene diamine salt and the desiredethynylbenzaldehyde.

The following schematically ilustrates the sequence of reactions in theabove-described process using 3-bromobenzaldehyde and phenylene diamine:##STR2##

In a variation of the above reaction sequence it will be understood thatthe bromobenzaldehyde can first be reacted with the phenylene diamine toeffectively preserve the aldehyde group. The protected acetylene reagentmay then be coupled to this intermediate to yield (II) in the abovereaction sequence. The desired ethynylbenzaldehyde is obtained bytreatment of (II) with base to produce (III), and treatment of (III)with aqueous acid.

In another embodiment of the process herein, a bromobenzaldehydestarting compound is reacted with ethylene glycol in an organic solventto provide an intermediate, 2-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane, in whichthe 1,3-dioxolane group effectively protects the aldehyde functionality.This intermediate is then reacted with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol or3-methylpentyn-3-ol to provide a second intermediate carrying the cappedacetylenic functionality. The second intermediate is treated with baseto release acetone (or methylethyl ketone) from the capped acetylene andgenerate the terminal aryl acetylene. In turn, the resultantintermediate is treated with aqueous acid to recover the aldehyde groupfrom the protective 1,3-dioxolane substituent and yield the desiredethynylbenzaldehyde.

The following will schematically illustrate the sequence of reactions inthe above-described process using 3-bromobenzaldehyde and ethyleneglycol: ##STR3##

While the above reaction sequence shows the reaction of3-bromobenzaldehyde and ethylene glycol to produce the cyclic acetal, alarge number of variations are possible. Thus it is notediodobenzaldehyde can be used in place of bromobenzaldehyde throughoutthe various reactions with comparable yields and efficiencies.Furthermore, the halogen may be in the 2-, 3-, or 4-position. Othercyclic acetals can also be prepared and used in this sequence. Forexample, propylene glycol and 1,3-propanediol as well as other diols maybe used in place of ethylene glycol. Acyclic acetals are also useful andcan be prepared using, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol,isopropanol and n-butanol. Numerous examples of both cyclic and acyclicacetal preparation can be found in "Protective Groups In OrganicSynthesis" by Theodora W. Greene, J. Wiley and Sons, Chap. 4 (1981).

Referring to the above reaction sequences, the intermediates designated(I) and (II) as well as (VI) and (VII) and their correspondingpositional isomers and substituted analogs are novel compounds.

It is seen that the invention provides a process for the preparation ofethynylbenzaldehydes from bromo- or iodobenzaldehyde. The process relieson replacing the arylhalogen with a protected ethynyl compound which issubsequently cleaved to form the arylacetylene. Surprisingly, thepreservation of the aldehydic group is easily effected by reaction toform the corresponding Schiff's base or alternatively by reaction with amono- or dialcohol to form a corresponding acetal. The aldehydic groupis regenerated by treatment of the protected substrate with aqueousacid.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The bromobenzaldehydes useful as starting materials herein may also besubstituted with various substituent groups as earlier mentioned.Ordinarily, the substituent groups will play no part in the reactionsequences. While further descriptions will refer only to theunsubstituted species, it will be appreciated that reactions with thesubstituted species will not differ significantly.

With respect to the coupling reaction of the bromobenzaldehyde and theprotected acetylene, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol or 3-methylpentyn-3-ol, thereaction is run preferably with triethylamine which serves as a solventand a scavenger for the hydrogen bromide generated during theethynylation reaction. Other useful amines which can be used in place oftriethylamine are, for example, diethylamine, butylamines (mono-, di,and trisubstituted), pyridine, and the like. A co-solvent such astoluene, xylene, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide can also beused to improve the solubility of the starting materials. The reactionrequires the presence of a catalytic amount of a palladium catalyticspecies which, for example, may be palladium acetate, palladiumchloride, etc. Optionally, to hasten the coupling reaction a co-catalystmay also be used. Suitable co-catalysts include cuprous salts, forexample, cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide, and cuprous iodide which ispreferred. Use of palladium catalysts to promote coupling reactions ofaromatic halides with acetylene compounds is described in theliterature, for example, Richard F. Heck, Palladium Reagents in OrganicSyntheses, Academic Press, New York 1985, Chapter 6, Section 6.8.1.Additionally, to improve the utility of the palladium catalyst, asolubilizing phosphine ligand is often used. Examples of such phosphineligands include triorthotolulylphosphine and triphenylphosphine which ispreferred because of its availability and cost.

The reaction is run in an inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure at atemperature of 75°-85° C. for about 6-18 hours. The reaction ismonitored by gas-liquid chromatography tracking the disappearance ofstarting material and/or appearance of product.

Aromatic primary diamines are preferred for use in protecting thealdehydic functional group, due particularly to their low cost, readyavailability, ease of handling, economy in the process and high yields.In addition to the preferred phenylene diamine, also preferred aremethylene dianiline and oxydianiline, so-called "bridged" phenylenediamines. Also useful are other "bridged" phenylene diamines, forexample, where the bridging group is selected from sulfur, sulfone,isopropylidene, hexafluoroisopropylidene, dimethylsilane,dioxyphenylene, etc. The phenylene moiety may be substituted forexample, with C₁ -C₄ alkyl, bromine or chlorine. Other amines such asaromatic primary monoamines and, less preferably, some aliphatic primarymono- and diamines may also be used. Examples of aliphatic diaminesinclude ethylene diamine and 1,4-cyclohexane diamine. It is onlynecessary that the imine group or Schiff's base produced by a selectedamine be able to withstand the strongly alkaline conditions which aresubsequently required to liberate the protected acetylene.

Ordinarily the reaction with an appropriate amine is carried out in analcoholic medium. Conveniently this may be ethanol, methanol,isopropanol, or mixtures, in accordance with known procedures forproducing a Schiff's base. It is noted that an acid catalyst such as issometimes used in this reaction is not required. The resultant Schiff'sbase will conveniently precipitate from the alcoholic medium as itforms. The product is separated by filtration or centrifugation.

Cleavage of the protected acetylene on the Schiff's base is carried outby introducing the compound into an aromatic solvent, typically tolueneor xylene, and the addition of solid alkali. Ordinarily 2-10%,preferably 3-6%, of solid alkali, such as sodium or potassium hydroxideby weight of the Schiff's base is sufficient. The cleavage reactionproceeds rapidly and is usually completed by refluxing for 30-60minutes. The reaction is monitored by gas-liquid chromatography. Whenthe cleavage is completed, the solution is cooled, the base is removedby filtration and the solvent is stripped off, and the crude residue isexposed to aqueous acid to liberate the aldehydic functionality. Anycommon mineral acid may be used and hydrochloric acid is preferred. Thedesired product precipitates from the aqueous acid, and the diamine (oramine) is solubilized as the acid salt. The product is separated byfiltration or centrifugation and ordinarily will have a purity greaterthan 95%. Advantageously, the diamine (or amine) may be easily recoveredand recycled into the process.

With respect to the process variation where the aldehydic functionalityis protected by the acetal group, formation of acetals is well known anddocumented, and the acetals are formed herein using such knownprocedures. Subsequent reactions of the compounds containing theseacetal radicals to provide the acetylenic functionality and thereafterrecover the aldehydic functionality are carried out substantially asalready described with respect to the process using the diamine (oramine) intermediate.

Summarizing, with respect to new compounds, it is seen that the presentprocess provides new compounds of the following structures (a) and (b):##STR4##

R is H, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, phenyl, nitro, Cl, or F; and B is ethylene,1,4-cyclohexane, phenylene and ##STR5## wherein B' is --CH₂ --, --O--,--S--, --S(O)₂ --, --C(CF₃)₂ --, --C(CH₃)₂ --, --Si(CH₃)₂ -- or ##STR6##and R' is H, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, Cl or Br; and ##STR7## wherein A is ##STR8##or --C.tbd.CH,

D is a cyclic acetal radical, and

R is H, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, phenyl, nitro, Cl, or F.

The compounds identified above have a primary use as intermediates inthe preparation of ethynylbenzaldehydes by the process of the presentinvention.

This invention is further illustrated in connection with the followingexamples.

EXAMPLE I

Preparation of 4-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)benzaldehyde

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,reflux condenser, and thermometer, was flushed and maintained under apositive pressure of argon. The flask was charged with 50 g (0.27 mol)of 4-bromobenzaldehyde, about 225 ml of dried, degassed triethylamine,and 25.2 g (0.3 mol) of degassed 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol. To this solutionwas added 0.21 g (0.30 mmol) of bis-triphenylphosphine palladium (II)chloride and 0.99 g (3.81 mmol) of triphenylphosphine. The stirredsolution was heated to 60° C. at which point 0.05 g (0.26 mmol) ofcopper (I) iodide was introduced. The solution was further warmed to 80°C. and maintained at this temperature for 18-20 hours. At this point gaschromatography indicated about 98% conversion to product.

The mixture was diluted with about 200 ml of anhydrous ether andfiltered to remove the precipitated triethylamine hydrobromide (48 g,0.26 mol, 97.7% yield). The filtrate was concentrated on a rotaryevaporator to a dark colored oil. The crude product was used in thepreparation of the corresponding Schiff's base without furtherpurification.

Analysis: IR (neat), 3400 cm⁻¹ (--OH, broad), 2230 cm⁻¹ (C.tbd.C, weak),1690 cm⁻¹ (--CHO).

EXAMPLE II

Preparation of Schiff's Base of 4-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)benzaldehyde and m-Phenylene diamine

A multinecked, round bottom flask with a mechanical stirrer, refluxcondenser, and a thermometer was flushed and maintained under a positivepressure of argon. The flask was charged with 50 g (0.265 mol) of thealdehyde from Example I and about 200 ml of isopropyl alcohol. To thissolution was added, in small portions, 12.8 g (0.119 mol) of m-phenylenediamine. Upon complete addition of the diamine, the solution was heatedto 50° C. for 5 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. Atabout 30° C. the product began to precipitate as a yellow solid. Theresulting slurry was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature.

The yellow solid was isolated by suction filtration and washed on thefunnel with cold isopropanol. The product was dried in a vacuum ovenovernight at about 40° C. to yield 43 g (0.096 mol, 80.7% yield) of dryproduct. This compound was used without further purification in thecleavage reaction (to provide the acetylene radical) shown in the nextexample.

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet), 3400 cm⁻¹ (OH, broad), 1625 cm⁻¹ (CH═N).

EXAMPLE III

Preparation of Schiff's Base of 4-Ethynylbenzaldehyde and m-Phenylenediamine

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,thermometer, and a Vigreux column attached to a distillation head wasflushed and maintained under a positive pressure of argon. The flask wascharged with 40 g (0.089 mol) of the product from Example II, about 200ml of toluene, and 1.2 g (3% by weight) of potassium hydroxide. Themixture was heated slowly until the vapor temperature reached 110° C.Starting with a vapor temperature of about 60° C., a mixture of acetoneand toluene was continuously removed by distillation. When the vaportemperature equilibrated at 110° C., the mixture was cooled to 60° C.and filtered to remove the potassium hydroxide. The filtrate wasconcentrated on a rotary evaporator to yield the product (Schiff's baseof 4-ethynylbenzaldehyde and m-phenylene diamine) as a yellow solid. Theproduct was washed with low-boiling petroleum ether, filtered and funneldried to yield 28.3 g of purified product (0.085 mol, 95.5% yield).

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet), 3310 cm⁻¹ and 3290 cm⁻¹ (C.tbd.CH), 1620 cm⁻¹(CH═N).

¹ HMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.45 (s, 2H, CH═N), 6.9-8.6 (m, 12H, Ar--H), 3.15 (s,2H, C.tbd.CH) ppm.

DSC (10° C./min, N₂) onset 141.6° C., minimum 150.6° C. (endothermictransition 123 J/g), onset 178.9° C., maximum 197.7° C. (exothermictransition 527 J/g).

EXAMPLE IV

Preparation of 4-Ethynylbenzaldehyde

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, refluxcondenser, and thermometer, was charged with 5 g (0.015 mol) of theproduct of Example III and about 100 ml of distilled water. To thisstirred mixture was added 1.1 g (30.6 mmol) of concentrated hydrochloricacid. The mixture was brought to 50° C. for about 4 hours and thencooled to room temperature which yielded the product as a yellowprecipitate. The product was filtered, washed with distilled water andallowed to dry on the funnel overnight to yield 3 g (0.026 mol, 87%yield) of the purified product.

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet), 3290 cm⁻¹ and 3230cm⁻¹ (C.tbd.CH), 1690 cm⁻¹(--CHO).

¹ HMR(CDCl₃) δ 10.0 (s, 1H, CHO), 7.3-8.1 (m, 4H, Ar--H), 3.3 (s, 1H,C.tbd.CH) ppm.

DSC (10° C./min, N₂) onset 85.7° C., minimum 90.8° C. (endothermictransition 161 J/g), onset 174.1° C., maximum 214.5° C. (exothermictransition 1105 J/g).

EXAMPLE V

Preparation of 3-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)benzaldehyde

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,reflux condenser and thermometer, was flushed and maintained under apositive pressure of nitrogen. The flask was charged with 164 g (0.89mol) of freshly distilled 3-bromobenzaldehyde, about 450 ml of dried,degassed triethylamine and 81.5 g (0.97 mol) of degassed2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol. To this solution was added 0.7 g (1.0 mmol) ofbis-triphenylphosphine palladium (II) chloride and 3.2 g (12.2 mmol) oftriphenylphosphine. The stirred solution was heated to 60° C. at whichpoint 0.1 g (0.52 mmol) of copper (I) iodide was introduced. Thesolution was further warmed to 80° C. and maintained at this temperaturefor 16-18 hours. At this point gas chromatography indicated 95-97%conversion to product.

The solution was diluted with about 200 ml of anhydrous ether andfiltered to remove the precipitated triethylamine hydrobromide (159 g,0.8 mol, 99% yield). The filtrate was concentrated on a rotaryevaporator to a dark colored oil. The crude oil was vacuum distilled toyield 118.5 g (0.63 mol, 71% yield) of yellow product having a b.p. of150°-165° C. at 4.5 mm of Hg, and solidified on standing.

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet), 3400 cm⁻¹ (--OH), 1685 cm⁻¹ (--CHO).

¹ HMR (CDCl₃), δ 9.98 (s, 1H, CHO), 7.70 (m, 4H, aromatic H's), 2.23(broad s, 1H, OH), and 1.64 (s, 6H, C(CH₃)₂) ppm.

¹³ CMR (CDCl₃), δ 191.4, 136.9, 136.2, 128.7, 128.7, 123.9, 95.7, 80.3,65.2, 31.2 ppm.

DSC (10° C./min, N₂) onset 55.2° C., minimum 58.9° C. (endothermictransition, 134 J/g).

EXAMPLE VI

Preparation of Schiff's Base of3-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)benzaldehyde and p-Phenylene diamine

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,reflux condenser and thermometer, was flushed and maintained under apositive pressure of nitrogen. The flask was charged with about 300 mlof a 50:50 mixture of isopropyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol, and 83 g(0.44 mol) of the aldehyde from the previous example. To this solutionwas added, in small portions, 22.7 g (0.21 mol) of p-phenylene diamine.Upon complete addition of the diamine, the solution was heated to 50° C.for 5 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. At about 30°C. the product began to precipitate as a yellow solid. The resultingslurry was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature.

The yellow solid was isolated by suction filtration and washed on thefunnel with the isopropyl-isobutyl alcohol mixture described above. Theproduct was dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 40° C. to yield 85 g(0.19 mol, 90.4% yield) of dry product. The product can be furtherpurified by recrystallization from hot n-heptane.

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet), 3360 cm⁻¹ (broad, OH), 1620 cm⁻¹ (CH═N).

¹ HMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.47 (s, 2H, CH═N), 7.70 (m, 12H, aromatic H's), 2.07(s, 1H, OH) and 1.64 (s, 12H, C(CH₃)₂) ppm.

¹³ CMR (CDCl₃) δ 158.6, 149.9, 136.5, 134.2, 131.9, 128.7, 128.5, 123.7,121.9, 94.7, 81.6, 65.6, 31.5 ppm.

DSC (10° C./min, N₂) onset 137.5° C., minimum 141.0° C. (endothermictransition 90.6 J/g), onset 303.9° C., maximum 341.4° C. (exothermictransition 642 J/g).

Elemental analysis, calculated-%C 80.33, %H 6.29, %N 6.24 found-%C80.51, %H 6.41, %N 5.96

EXAMPLE VII

Preparation of Schiff's Base of 3-Ethynylbenzaldehyde and p-Phenylenediamine

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,thermometer and Vigreux column attached to a distillation head wasflushed and maintained under a positive pressure of nitrogen. The flaskwas charged with 250 ml of toluene, 55.5 g (0.124 mol) of the product ofExample VI and 1.5 g (3% by weight) of potassium hydroxide. The mixturewas heated slowly until the vapor temperature reached 110° C. Startingwith a vapor temperature of about 60° C., a toluene/acetone mixture wasremoved by distillation. When the vapor temperature equilibrated at 110°C., the mixture was cooled to about 85° C., and filtered hot to removethe potassium hydroxide. The filtrate was concentrated on a rotaryevaporator to yield the product, Schiff's base of 3-ethynylbenzaldehydeand p-phenylene (30°-60° C.), suction filtered and dried on a sinteredglass funnel. The product was recrystallized from hot toluene to yield40.5 g of purified product (0.122 mol, 98.4% yield).

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet), 3270 cm⁻¹ (C.tbd.CH), 1620 cm⁻¹ (CH═N).

¹ HMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.3 (s, 2H, CH═N), 7.70 (m, 12H, aromatic H's) and 3.1(s, 2H, C.tbd.CH) ppm.

¹³ CMR (CDCl₃) δ 158.5, 149.8, 136.4, 134.7, 132.5, 128.8, 122.5, 121.9,82.9, 77.9 ppm.

DSC (10° C./min, N₂) onset 163.0° C., minimum 165.8° C. (endothermictransition 151 J/g), onset 207.5° C., maximum 223.1° C. (exothermictransition 676 J/g).

EXAMPLE VIII

Preparation of 3-Ethynylbenzaldehyde

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, refluxcondenser, and a thermometer, was flushed and maintained under apositive pressure of nitrogen. The flask was charged with 1 g (3.00mmol) of the product of Example VII and 50 ml of distilled water. Tothis stirred mixture was added 0.60 g (6.12 m mol) of concentratedhydrochloric acid. The mixture was brought to about 60° C. at whichpoint about 25 ml of isopropyl alcohol was added to effect completesolution of the solid. The solution was cooled to room temperature anddiluted with 200 ml of distilled water to ensure complete precipitationof the product as a yellow solid. The product was isolated by filtrationand dried by washing with petroleum ether (30°-60° C.). The yield of dryproduct was 0.75 g (5.8 mmol, 95% yield).

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet), 3250 cm⁻¹ (C.tbd.CH), 1700 cm⁻¹ (CHO).

¹ HMR (CDCl₃) δ 10.0 (s, 1H, CHO), 7.70 (m, 4H, aromatic H's), and 3.20(s, 1H, C═CH) ppm.

¹³ CMR (CDCl₃) δ 191.1, 137.5, 136.4, 133.3, 129.3, 129.0, 123.3, 82.1,78.8 ppm.

DSC (10° C./min. N₂) onset 73.1° C., minimum 75.8° C. (endothermictransition 178 J/g), onset 204.2° C., maximum 242.3° C. (exothermictransition 1110 J/g).

EXAMPLE IX

Preparation of 2-(3-Bromophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,thermometer, and a Dean-Stark trap attached to a reflux condenser, wasflushed and maintained under a positive pressure of nitrogen. The flaskwas charged with 300 g (1.62 mol) of 3-bromobenzaldehyde, 110.4 g (1.78mol) of ethylene glycol, 550 ml of toluene, and 0.1 g (0.03 wt. % basedon aldehyde) of p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate.

The system was brought to reflux temperature to initiate azeotropicdistillation. The mixture was refluxed for about 11 hours at whichpoint, gas chromatography indicated no starting aldehyde was present inthe reaction mixture and the theoretical amount of water had beenobtained.

The system was cooled to room temperature and 300 ml of 10% aqueoussodium hydroxide solution was added to the flask. The resulting bi-phasemixture was allowed to stir for one-half hour and was then poured into aseparatory funnel. The aqueous layer was separated and discarded, andthe organic product layer was washed with another 300 ml portion of 10%aqueous sodium hydroxide solution followed by several washings withwater. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous potassium carbonateovernight and then filtered to remove the solid alkali.

The filtrate was concentrated on a rotary evaporator and distilled underreduced pressure. The fraction boiling at 107°-110° C./3 mm Hg wascollected thus yielding 328 g (1.4 mol, 88% yield) of the product as aclear, water-white liquid of >99% purity as measured by gaschromatography.

Analysis: ¹ HMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.45 (m, 4H, Ar--H), 5.75 (s, 1H, benzylic),4.05 (s, 4H, --O--CH₂ --CH₂ --O--) ppm.

EXAMPLE X

Preparation of 2-[3-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)phenyl]-1,3-dioxolane

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,thermometer, and a reflux condenser was flushed and maintained under apositive pressure of nitrogen. The flask was charged with 106 g (0.46mol) of 2-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane prepared in the previousexample, 350 ml of dried, degassed triethylamine, and 46.2 g (0.55 mol)of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol. To this solution was added 0.36 g (0.51 mmol)of bis-triphenylphosphine palladium (II) chloride and 1.7 g (6.48 mmol)of triphenylphosphine. The stirred solution was heated to 60° C. atwhich point 0.1 g (0.52 mmol) of copper (I) iodide was introduced. Thestirred solution was further warmed to 80° C. and maintained at thistemperature for 18-20 hours. Gas chromatography indicated about 98%conversion to product.

The mixture was diluted with about 250 ml of anhydrous ether and thenfiltered to remove the precipitated triethylamine hydrobromide (83 g,0.45 mol, 97.8% yield). The filtrate was concentrated in a rotaryevaporator to a viscous oil. The crude product was used in thepreparation of the corresponding Schiff's base without furtherpurification.

Analysis: IR (neat), 3240 cm⁻¹ (--OH, broad), 1100 cm⁻¹ (--C--O--C--,strong).

¹ HMR (CDCl₃) δ 6.8-8.0 (m, 4H, Ar--H), 5.8 (s, 1H, benzylic), 4.1 (s,4H, --O--CH₂ --CH₂ --O--), 1.65 (s, 6H, C(CH₃)₂) ppm.

EXAMPLE XI

Preparation of 2-(3-Ethynylphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,thermometer and a Vigreux column attached to a distillation head wasflushed and maintained under a positive pressure of nitrogen. The flaskwas charged with 90 g (0.39 mol) of the compound prepared in theprevious example, about 300 ml of toluene, and 2.7 g (3% by weight) ofpotassium hydroxide. The mixture was heated slowly until the vaportemperature reached 110° C. Starting with a vapor temperature of about60° C., a toluene/acetone mixture was removed by distillation. When thevapor temperature equilibrated at 110° C., the mixture was cooled toroom temperature and filtered to remove the potassium hydroxide. Thefiltrate was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a dark colored oil.The oil was vacuum distilled collecting the fraction boiling at 98°-100°C. at 2 mm Hg. The clear, yellow liquid product, 50.4 g (0.29 mol, 74.3%yield) was >99% pure as measured by gas chromatography. The productcrystallized on standing.

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet) 3300 cm⁻¹ (V.tbd.CH), 1100 cm⁻¹ (--C--O--C--strong).

¹ HMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.5 (m, 4H, Ar--H), 5.75 (s, 1H, benzylic), 4.05 (s, 4H,--O--CH₂ --CH₂ --O--), 3.2 (s, 1H, C.tbd.CH) ppm.

DSC (10° C./min. N₂) onset 51.8° C., minimum 54.2° C. (endothermictransition, 127 J/g); onset 205.0° C., maximum 239.8° C. (exothermictransition, 899 J/g).

EXAMPLE XII

Preparation of 3-Ethynylbenzaldehyde

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer,reflux condenser and thermometer, was charged 50.4 g (0.289 mol) of theproduct of Example XI, 400 ml of distilled water and 1 g of concentratedhydrochloric acid. The mixture was heated to 60° C. and maintained atthat temperature for about 4 hours and then cooled to room temperaturewhich yielded the product as a yellow precipitate. The product wasfiltered, washed with distilled water and allowed to dry on the funnelovernight to yield 33 g (0.254 mol, 87.8% yield).

Analysis of product was substantially identical to that obtained for theproduct of Example VIII.

EXAMPLE XIII

Preparation of Schiff's base of3-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)benzaldehyde and 4,4'-methylene dianiline

A multinecked, round bottom flask fitted with a reflux condenser,thermometer, magnetic stirrer, and a positive pressure of nitrogen, wascharged with 5.3 g (0.028 mol) of3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutynol)benzaldehyde, 30 ml of isopropyl alcohol,and 2.5 g (0.013 mol) of 4,4'-methylene dianiline. The mixture washeated and held at 60° C. for a half-hour, cooled to room temperature,and allowed to stir overnight. The resulting yellow precipitate wascollected by suction filtration, and dried on the funnel to yield 4.3 gof product (0.012 mol, 92% yield).

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet), 3370 cm⁻¹ (OH, broad), 1630 cm⁻¹ (CH═N).

¹ HMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.35 (s, 2H, CH═N), 7.0-8.0 (m, 16H, Ar--H), 3.9 (s, 2H,CH₂), 2.2 (broad s, 2H, --OH), 1.55 (s, 12H, C(CH₃)₂ ppm.

DSC (10° C./min, N₂) onset 122.0° C., minimum 129.9° C. (endothermictransition 62.4 J/g).

EXAMPLE XIV

Preparation of Schiff's base of3-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)benzaldehyde and 4-aminophenyl ether

Following the procedure of Example XIII, 2.6 g (0.013 mol) of4-aminophenyl ether was used in place 4,4'-methylene dianiline. A yellowprecipitate was collected by suction filtration and dried on the funnelto yield 4.4 g of product (0.012 mol, 92% yield).

Analysis: IR (KBr pellet) 3400 cm⁻¹ (OH, broad), 1630 cm⁻¹ (CH═N). ¹ HMR(CDCl₃) δ 8.35 (s, 2H, CH═N), 6.8-8.0 (m, 16H, Ar--H), 2.2 (broad s, 2H,OH), 1.55 (s, 12H, C(CH₃)₂ ppm.

Now that the prefered embodiments have been described in detail, variousmodifications and improvements thereon will become readily apparent tothose skilled in the art. Accordingly, the spirit and scope of thepresent nvention are to be limited only by the appended claims, and notby the foregoing specification.

What is claimed is:
 1. A multi-step process for preparingethynylbenzaldehyde having the structure ##STR9## wherein R is H, C₁ -C₄alkyl, phenyl, nitro, Cl, F or --CHO, which comprises the steps of:(a)reacting bromobenzaldehyde or substituted bromobenzaldehyde with a mono-or dialcohol to form the corresponding acetal, (b) reacting the productof (a) with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol or 3-methylpentyn-3-ol in the presenceof a palladium catalyst to replace the bromine with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl or a 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentynyl moiety, (c) treating the productof (b) with base to cleave the acetone or methylethyl ketone from theprotected ethynyl functionality and thereby form the ethynylatedbenzaldehyde acetal, (d) treating the product of (c) with aqueous acidto recover the aldehyde group and thereby form the ethynylbenzaldehyde.2. The process of claim 1 wherein step (a) the bromobenzaldehyde orsubstituted bromobenzaldehyde is reacted with a mono-alcohol selectedfrom the group methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and butanol. 3.The process of claim 1 wherein step (a) the bromobenzaldehyde orsubsituted bromobenzaldehyde is reacted with a dialcohol selected fromthe group ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and 1,3 propanediol.
 4. Theprocess of claim 1 wherein step (b) the reaction is carried outemploying diethylamine or triethylamine as solvent and a cuprous salt asco-catalyst.
 5. The process of claim 1 wherein step (a) the reaction iscarried out employing toluene as solvent.
 6. A multi-step process forpreparing ethynylbenzaldehyde having the structure ##STR10## whichcomprises the steps of: (a) reacting bromobenzaldehyde with ethyleneglycol to form the corresponding acetal,(b) reacting the product of (a)with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol or 3-methylpentyn-3-ol in the presence of apalladium catalyst to replace the bromine with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl or a 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentynyl moiety, (c) treating the productof (b) with base to cleave the acetone or methylethyl ketone from theprotected ethynyl functionality and thereby form the ethynylatedbenzaldehyde acetal (d) treating the product of (c) with aqueous acid torecover the aldehyde group and thereby form the ethynylbenzaldehyde.